Many works of literature have remained poignant through the centuries due to the important themes they contain that defy the boundaries of time. These works of art possess the ability to be relatable whether read in the 16th century or the 21st.
“The Tragedy of Hamlet” is but one of many unparalleled works by the late William Shakespeare. In the play, a tragedy sets in motion a winding story that presents many philosophical themes and moral conundrums.
Through his use of numerous literary devices, Shakespeare establishes a paradoxical atmosphere of optimism amidst despair.
Shakespeare describes the murder of King Hamlet in great detail, using elaborate language in the King’s speech. The late King recounts the incestuous union between Claudius and the queen, brought to fruition by the brother “with witchcraft of his wit”.
Shakespeare’s alliteration alludes to vile gifts that Claudius is capable of, and foreshadows the murder the brother later brings about through his cunning.
Leading up to his tale, the King warns that his story will make Hamlet’s hair stand up “like quills upon the fearful porcupine”. Shakespeare’s use of simile sets up the horrific circumstances of the murder.
Shakespeare stresses that the King scarcely had any time to process the adultery, as he was murdered soon after. The King describes the cause of his death as a treacherous act, where his brother poured a “leperous distilled” into the “porches of my ears”.
Shakespeare’s diction helps to convey the vileness of this act, and give a better picture of the circumstances of the murder. When elaborating on his fate, the King states he is doomed “fast in fires”.
Shakespeare employs alliteration to make the reader emphasize with the ghost, thus making Claudius seem more evil in comparison.
Shakespeare goes to great lengths to make the audience empathize with the King. The King expresses remorse at his demise, telling of how he was “cut off even in the blossoms of my sin”.
Shakespeare’s beautiful diction makes the sins against the king even more tragic, as due to the country’s catholic nature it was believed pertinent that one should confess their sins and be given the last communion.
The King was robbed of these last rites due to his brother’s treachery. When referencing the rumors of his demise, the King tells Hamlet the “story of his death” is that a snake stung him in his sleep, and then delivers the shocking news that “the serpent that did sting thy father’s life / Now wears his crown.”
By connecting both the theory and the truth behind his death, Shakespeare creates the irony that emphasizes the cowardly, evil nature of Claudius.
Through extensive use of literary devices, Shakespeare weaves a tale of both great evil and redemption. Through his language, Shakespeare sets up a tale that will confront deep universal questions that remain relevant to this day.
By emphasizing the tragic nature of the King’s murder, Shakespeare sets up both Hamlet and Claudius as opposing forces on the moral spectrum. Their opposing ideologies and Hamlet’s wish for revenge set up the tone present in the remainder of the play.
